ISLAMABAD, Friday, October 24, 2025 (WNP): Pakistan, in 1991, carved its name in the annals of global scientific achievement by becoming one of the few developing nations to launch a scientific expedition to Antarctica — a bold step that underscored the nation’s commitment to advancing research and exploration beyond traditional frontiers.

During the mission, Pakistani scientists established the Iqbal Observatory along with research stations Jinnah-I and Jinnah-II, marking a significant milestone in the country’s pursuit of polar science.

The expedition was made possible through the joint collaboration of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF), Pakistan Navy, and the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO).

The Pakistan Navy, through its ships PNS Tariq and PNS Behr Paima, provided crucial logistical support, enabling the transport of personnel and equipment across the challenging Antarctic waters. Meanwhile, the Pakistan Air Force and SUPARCO served as the scientific and technical backbone of the mission, conducting research in meteorology, glaciology, and environmental studies.

The 1991 Antarctic expedition remains a proud chapter in Pakistan’s scientific history — a demonstration of national capability, inter-institutional cooperation, and the spirit of discovery. It laid the groundwork for future research initiatives and highlighted Pakistan’s growing contribution to global scientific knowledge.